MariaDB is an open source fork of MySQL, developed by the original MySQL creators to guarantee openness and performance.

🤔 Why MariaDB?

MariaDB is for:

• 🆓 100% free - Even for enterprise, no paid license
• 🔄 MySQL replacement - Easy to migrate
• ⚡ Fast - Optimized for websites
• 🛡️ Secure - Built-in encryption

Use it for:

• WordPress, Drupal (classic CMS)
• PHP websites (LAMP stack)
• Replacing MySQL when you want free
• “Standard” web applications

🚀 Installation

📌 System	🧠 Command
🐧 Ubuntu/Debian	sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client
🎩 CentOS/RHEL	sudo yum install mariadb-server mariadb
🍎 macOS (Homebrew)	brew install mariadb
🐳 Docker	docker run -d mariadb:11
🏢 Official version	mariadb.org/download

⚙️ Basic Configuration

📌 Action	🧠 Command
▶️ Start MariaDB	sudo systemctl start mariadb
🔄 Enable at boot	sudo systemctl enable mariadb
🔒 Secure installation	sudo mysql_secure_installation
🔗 Connect as root	sudo mysql -u root -p
📊 View status	sudo systemctl status mariadb
🚪 Exit mysql	quit; (or exit;)

🗄️ Database Management

📌 Action	🧠 Command
📋 List databases	SHOW DATABASES;
🆕 Create a database	CREATE DATABASE myapp;
🗑️ Delete a database	DROP DATABASE myapp;
🔗 Use a database	USE myapp;
📊 Current database	SELECT DATABASE();
💾 Database sizes	SELECT table_schema, SUM(data_length) FROM information_schema.tables GROUP BY table_schema;

👥 User Management

📌 Action	🧠 Command
📋 List users	SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user;
👤 Create a user	CREATE USER 'john'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
🔐 Change password	ALTER USER 'john'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';
🗑️ Delete a user	DROP USER 'john'@'localhost';
👤 Remote user	CREATE USER 'john'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
🔄 Reload privileges	FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

🔒 Permissions Management

📌 Action	🧠 Command
🔑 All rights on a database	GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON myapp.* TO 'john'@'localhost';
📖 Read-only rights	GRANT SELECT ON myapp.* TO 'john'@'localhost';
✏️ Read/write rights	GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON myapp.* TO 'john'@'localhost';
👑 Administrator rights	GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
🚫 Revoke rights	REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON myapp.* FROM 'john'@'localhost';
📋 View permissions	SHOW GRANTS FOR 'john'@'localhost';

💾 Backup and Restore

📌 Action	🧠 Command
💾 Backup a database	mysqldump -u root -p myapp > backup.sql
💾 Backup all databases	mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > all_backup.sql
💾 Backup structure only	mysqldump -u root -p --no-data myapp > structure.sql
💾 Backup data only	mysqldump -u root -p --no-create-info myapp > data.sql
📥 Restore a database	mysql -u root -p myapp < backup.sql
📥 Restore from script	mysql -u root -p < all_backup.sql

🔍 Monitoring and Debug

📌 Action	🧠 Command
📈 View processes	SHOW PROCESSLIST;
💾 System variables	SHOW VARIABLES;
📊 Server status	SHOW STATUS;
🔧 Kill a query	KILL QUERY process_id;
📊 Database sizes	SELECT table_schema, ROUND(SUM(data_length + index_length) / 1024 / 1024, 1) AS 'DB Size in MB' FROM information_schema.tables GROUP BY table_schema;
⚡ View version	SELECT VERSION();